Dengue fever vaccine, symptoms, treatment, prevention. Infection may be asymptomatic or present with a broad range of clinical manifestations including a mild febrile illness to a lifethreatening shock syndrome. Dengue outbreaks occur each year in north queensland following cases imported from overseas. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by some types of mosquitoes. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians.
A medline search was performed for all articles with the key word dengue in the title and management, treatment, guidelines, vaccine. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. The affected patients usually present with high fever almost all cases 28 and present a positive tourniquet test. In some cases it leads to dengue haemorrhagic fever, also known as severe dengue, which affects the bodys vascular system how blood moves through the body. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. It is a viral infection where a human acts as the reservoir while the disease is transmitted by mosquitoes. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. You should therefore watch the patient for two days even after fever disappears. Call your doctor right away if you develop any of the following. Infants and young children may have a nonspecific febrile illness with rash. The world health organization who has provided a number of free publications about dengue supportive care with analgesics, fluid replacement, and.
Prevention and treatment and dengue virus infection. Dengue fever is a viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes. The incidence of dengue has multiplied many times over the last five decades at an alarming rate. Dengue fever symptoms, causes, contagious, rash, prevention. The difficulty in controlling dengue infection stems from three root causes, ie, the presence of four different serotypes of virus, each with the independent ability to cause fatal disease, a lack of understanding of pathophysiology, nonavailability of specific treatment, nonavailability of a vaccine for prevention. Since the last major pandemic in 1998, epidemics have recurred in much of the area. Sep, 2019 prevention is possible in children ages 916 with a labconfirmed previous dengue infection with a vaccine, dengvaxia, approved by the fda in the u. The endemic area for dengue fever extends over 60 countries, and approximately 2. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy.
Although most cases are asymptomatic, severe illness and death may occur. The number of cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf. As the death toll is rising day by day yet, the city corporation is taking not enough precautions lately. Treatment for dengue fever there is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. Severe dengue fever is characterized by marked thrombocytopenia, severe hemorrhage, plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe organ impairment. That will help keep you safe from dengue fever, a virus spread by mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Author summary there is no available drug or vaccine against dengue, an acute viral disease that affects. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue is a febrile illness that can have a fatal outcome in severe cases. In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue.
Dengue shock syndrome dss the classical simple dengue fever is a selflimiting disease and does not kill. For typical dengue fever, the treatment is directed toward relief of the symptoms symptomatic treatment. Once an infected mosquito bites someone, they can get a fever, headaches, and pain in the joints, muscles, bones, and behind the eyes. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4. World health organizationworld health organization, 1997. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. In some cases, dengue turns into dengue hemorrhagic fever, which causes bleeding from your nose, gums, or under your skin. Recurring outbreaks of dengue feverdfdhf have been reported from. A randomized controlled trial of chloroquine for the. It is also known as breakbone fever due to the severity of muscle spasms and joint pain, dandy fever, or sevenday fever because of the usual duration of symptoms.
Feb 26, 2019 in dengue haemorrhagic fever, treatment is aimed at maintaining the patients circulating fluid volume. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world, particularly subsaharan africa, the middle east, southeast asia, and central and south america. Patients should be advised to stay well hydrated and to avoid aspirin acetylsalicylic acid, aspirincontaining drugs, and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen because of their anticoagulant properties. Download dengue guideline 2018 for sigh symptoms, investigations and treatment of dengue. Treatment for dengue fever till today, there is no definite treatments or specific medicine to treat dengue infection. Concerning the natural history of dengue, as previously mentioned, an incubation period of 58 days followed by the onset of a highpeak fever, headache, malaise and myalgia with a rash. Prevention is possible in children ages 916 with a labconfirmed previous dengue infection with a vaccine, dengvaxia, approved by the fda in the u. Dengue virus is prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics. One study estimated that 50 million infections occur every year. Symptoms include a high fever, headaches, joint and muscle pain, vomiting, and a rash. Dengue fever is a severe, flulike illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death.
It is a caused by a flavivirus with four distinct serotypes dv1, dv2, dv3, and dv4. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of. Pdf the endemic area for dengue fever extends over 60 countries, and approximately 2. Dengue causes, symptoms, treatment and its preventions. Treatment there is no specific treatment for classic dengue fever, and most people recover within 2 weeks. Feb 16, 2018 dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Introduction dengue is a significant mosquitoborne infection. Classification schemes overview in 1997, the world health organization who published a classification scheme describing three categories of symptomatic denv infection. It is important to recognise whether dengue fever is simple or dhf or dss. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Prevent dehydration which occurs when a person loses too much fluid. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection.
To measure the antiviral efficacy of cq in dengue, we conducted a. The complications associated with dengue fever dengue haemorrhagic fever usually appear between the third and fifth day of illness. Aedes mosquitoes transmit the virus and are common. For those who develop severe dengue, close observation and frequent monitoring in an intensive care unit may be required. Generally, most dengue infections are classified as simple dengue fever. Chloroquine cq, a cheap and welltolerated drug, inhibits the growth of dengue viruses in the laboratory with concentrations achievable in the body. Centers for disease control advises people with dengue fever not to take aspirin. Dengue is believed to infect 50 to 100 million people worldwide in a year.
A lowered blood platelet count is responsible for the bleeding symptoms and may be treated. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by infection with one of four dengue viruses denv transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes during the taking of a blood meal. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. There is no treatment for dengue fever, and about 40 percent of. Guidelines for dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Clearly this infection, which is already the most widespread mosquito borne disease in humans, is of major public health importance. Dengue is a mosquitotransmitted virus and the leading cause of arthropodborne viral disease in the world. In general, the doctor may generally recommend regulating the pain and fever by using paracetamol instead of aspirinas it might stimulate bleeding and increasing fluid ingestion. Dengue fever is a common mosquitoborne illness in many tropical and subtropical countries. The clinical features of dengue fever vary according to the age of the patient. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. Febrile patients should avoid mosquito bites to reduce risk of further transmission. The viruses that cause dengue fever are related to those that. The role of antiviral drugs in the treatment of dengue fever has been limited, but is currently widely studied.
Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control, new edition. Oct 18, 2018 dengue fever is now the talk of the country. These guidelines are easy to follow and can be used in any hospital until the patient is admitted to an intensive. It is widespread across asia, the pacific, central and southern america and africa where these mosquitoes exist. If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Treatment of dengue fever article pdf available in infection and drug resistance 51. Dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Fever should be controlled with acetaminophen and tepid sponge baths. Symptoms of dengue usually develop suddenly, about 5 to 8 days after you become infected. Infection with the dengue virus can cause severe flulike symptoms.
Give the patient paracetamol not more than four times in 24. In this brief article, i will summarize and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Your doctor may recommend that you drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration from vomiting and a high fever. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Feb 16, 2018 no specific treatment for dengue fever exists. Dengue pronounced as dengee dengue fever is a highly debilitating mosquitoborne disease mostly seen in tropical countries. Dengue fever treatment as with most viruses, treatment options for dengue will only manage its symptoms. The presence of fever, rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue fever. Other countries approved its use in adults up to age 45 in endemic areas. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health cdc.
In dengue haemorrhagic fever, treatment is aimed at maintaining the patients circulating fluid volume. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj best. Jun 28, 2019 there is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. National guidelines for clinical management of dengue fever.
If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines. Guidelines for treatment of dengue feverdengue haemorrhagic. The tropical and subtropical areas, in particular, have been the main concern to who world health organization and governments. Consequently, the hunt for anti dengue herbs and other medicinal plants have become necessary more than ever. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. To help with recovery, health care experts recommend. Pain relievers that dont make bleeding worse may be taken, such as tylenol acetaminophen. Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and. The acute phase of the illness with fever and muscle pain lasts about one to two weeks. It can also become dengue shock syndrome, which causes massive bleeding and shock. There is no specific antiviral treatment currently available for dengue fever.
Dengue fever is a disease spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito and caused by one of four dengue viruses that are closely related. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Dengue fever treatment signs and symptoms how to cure. Mar 12, 2020 dengue is an infection caused by a virus. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following warning signs. For severe dengue symptoms, including shock and coma, early and aggressive emergency treatment. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Some people get a rash and have nausea and vomiting.
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